Experimental study of CPC type ICS solar systems

Extensive experimental study on solar water heaters, which were developed in our laboratory, is presented. These solar devices are integrated collector storage (ICS) systems with single horizontal cylindrical storage tank properly placed in symmetric CPC type reflector trough. In this paper we study ICS solar systems, which differ in storage tank diameter and correlate their thermal performance and the ratios of the stored water volume per aperture area and also per total external surface area. Based on the results of this study and aiming to achieve improved ICS systems, we considered an effective tank diameter and we extracted by outdoor tests the performance of a number of experimental models differing in the absorbing surface, reflector and transparent cover. We calculated the mean daily efficiency and the thermal loss coefficient during night of each system combination. In addition, 24 h and four days operation diagrams of the variation of water temperature of the studied ICS systems are compared with the corresponding diagrams of two flat plate thermosiphonic units with mat black and selective absorbing surface, respectively. The experimental results show that ICS system with selective absorbing surface, high transmissivity of the transparent cover and high reflectance of its reflector surface performs efficiently enough, both during the day and night operation, approaching the thermal performance of the corresponding thermosiphonic unit of flat plate collector with selective absorber. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.