Utilizing imogolite nanotubes as a tunable catalytic material for the selective isomerization of glucose to fructose

The isomerization of glucose to fructose is an important step in the conversion of biomass to valuable fuels and chemicals. A key challenge for the isomerization reaction is achieving high selectivity towards fructose using recyclable and inexpensive catalysts. In this study, the isomerization of glucose to fructose is investigated through using imogolite nanotubes as a catalyst. Imogolite is a single-walled aluminosilicate nanotube characterized by surface areas of 200-400 m(2)/g and pore widths near 1 nm. Imogolite is a highly tunable structure and can be modified through substitution of Si with Ge or through functionalization of methyl groups to the inner surface. These modifications change the surface properties of the nanotubes and enable tuning of the catalytic performance. Imogolite nanotubes are successfully used as a heterogeneous catalyst for the isomerization of glucose to fructose. Of the compositions tested, aluminosilicate imogolite is the most active material for the conversion of glucose, achieving a glucose conversion of 30% and a fructose selectivity of 45%. Catalyst recycling experiments reveals that organic content accumulates on the nanotubes that results in a minor reduction in conversion while maintaining similar catalytic selectivity. The catalyst can be washed with aqueous ammonia, allowing the productivity of fructose to be recovered. Overall, imogolite nanotubes are an active and tunable catalytic platform with moderate selectivity for the isomerization of glucose to fructose.