Power sources for nanotechnology

Nanoscale power sources are critical to the Success of nanodevices. Potential nanotechnology applications range from molecular electronics to medical treatment to remote sensing. Despite the limited research to date and the complexities of the problem. nanoscale power sources may be developed with inspiration from microscale and molecular/biological power Sources, and they can be fabricated with new and emerging fabrication techniques. Recent progress toward microscale power is Surveyed herein, and limitations are noted. Finally, several nanoscale power Source schemes are described which call provide direction for future research efforts.