期刊
ANNUAL REVIEW OF ECOLOGY EVOLUTION AND SYSTEMATICS
卷 35, 期 -, 页码 523-556出版社
ANNUAL REVIEWS
DOI: 10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.35.112202.130137
关键词
coccolithophores; diatoms; dinoflagellates; phylogenetic trees; carbon cycle
The evolutionary succession of marine photoautotrophs began with the origin of photosynthesis in the Archean Eon, perhaps as early as 3.8 billion years ago. Since that time, Earth's atmosphere, continents, and oceans have undergone substantial cyclic and secular physical, chemical, and biological changes that selected for different phytoplankton taxa. Early in the history of eukaryotic algae, between 1.6 and 1.2 billion years ago, an evolutionary schism gave rise to green (chlorophyll b-containing) and red (chlorophyll c-containing) plastid groups. Members of the green plastid line were important constituents of Neoproterozoic and Paleozoic oceans, and, ultimately, one green clade colonized land. By the mid-Mesozoic, the green line had become ecologically less important in the oceans. In its place, three groups of chlorophyll c-containing eukaryotes, the dinoflagellates, coccolithophorids, and diatoms, began evolutionary trajectories that have culminated in ecological dominance in the contemporary oceans. Breakup of the supercontinent Pangea, continental shelf flooding, and changes in ocean redox chemistry may all have contributed to this evolutionary transition. At the same time, the evolution of these modem eukaryotic taxa has influenced both the structure of marine food webs and global biogeochemical cycles.
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