High Surface Area MgO as a Highly Effective Heterogeneous Base Catalyst for Three-Component Synthesis of Tetrahydrobenzopyran and 3,4-Dihydropyrano[c]chromene Derivatives in Aqueous Media

Magnesium oxide (MgO) as a highly effective heterogeneous base catalyst effectively catalyzes the three component reaction of aryl aldehydes, malononitrile and alpha-hydroxy or alpha-amino activated C-H acids such as 1,3-cyclohexanedione, dimedone, 4-hydroxy-6-methylpyrone, 4-hydroxycoumarin, 1,3-dimethylbarbituric acid and 1,3-dimethyl-6-amino uracil to the formation of the corresponding pyran annulated heterocyclic systems. The catalyst is inexpensive and easily obtained, stable and storable, easily recycled and reused for several cycles with consistent activity.