Ecosystem characteristics and management considerations for coastal wetlands in Mexico

Ecological parameters characterizing physico-chemical and biological conditions were collected from a total of 29 representative wetlands that occur between the near-shore terrestrial ecosystems and the outer edge of the tidal zone along the coasts of Mexico. This total includes about 40% of the total extent of coastal wetlands in Mexico. It is possible to recognize four distinct groups of wetlands based largely on the salinity gradients: oligohaline (0-10 ppt), estuarine (10-30 ppt), euhaline (30-40 ppt), and hyperhaline (> 40 ppt). Estuarine wetlands are the most abundant and widespread group. Oligohaline wetlands are more common in the south and the hyperhaline wetlands are more common along the north coasts of Mexico. Euhaline systems are in specialized localities scattered along both coasts. Human activities and development pressures continue to threaten the coastal wetlands in Mexico. This paper presents the first survey of ecological characteristics of the coastal wetlands in Mexico. These data highlight the range of variability that exists, demonstrates problems such as eutrophication, and provides a basis for future more detailed biomonitoring, management and conservation programs for these highly vulnerable and economically important ecosystems in Mexico.