A new approach for three-dimensional atomic-image reconstruction from a single-energy photoelectron hologram

A scattering pattern matrix method is proposed here to overcome the difficulties presented by photoelectron holography, such as forward-scattering and multi-energy problems. This method makes it possible to reconstruct a three-dimensional atomic arrangement from a single-energy hologram. We have utilized the scattering pattern matrix that includes the angular variation of the scattered object waves, and we have adopted a special average process and the gradient projection method for minimizing the mean-squared error. The reconstruction of the Si bulk structure is demonstrated by using an experimental Si(111) 2s single-energy hologram. The holographic reconstruction provided a three-dimensional image with a size of 10 Angstrom along both the vertical and horizontal axes.