期刊
PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY
卷 171, 期 2, 页码 140-147出版社
SPRINGER
DOI: 10.1007/s00213-003-1573-0
关键词
anxiety; startle; morphine; withdrawal; clonidine; benzodiazepine
资金
- NATIONAL INSTITUTE ON DRUG ABUSE [T32DA007097] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
- NIDA NIH HHS [T32 DA 07097] Funding Source: Medline
Rationale. An elevated startle response has been observed in humans and animals during withdrawal from multiple substances of abuse, a phenomenon thought to reflect the anxiogenic effects of withdrawal. Although anxiety is a common symptom of opiate withdrawal, few studies have examined the effects of morphine withdrawal on acoustic startle. Objective. To develop a procedure for assessing opiate dependence through measurement of the startle reflex in rats. Methods. The effects of opiate withdrawal on startle were evaluated using both spontaneous and naloxone-precipitated withdrawal from an acute dose of morphine. The ability of the treatment drugs clonidine and chlordiazepoxide to block withdrawal-induced increases in startle was also tested. Results. Spontaneous withdrawal from an injection of morphine sulfate produced a significant increase in acoustic startle 2 h (3.2 mg/kg) or 4 h (10 mg/kg) after drug administration. Morphine withdrawal (10 mg/kg morphine sulfate) precipitated by the opiate antagonist naloxone (2.5 mg/kg) also produced a significant increase in startle magnitude. This elevation of startle was blocked by both clonidine (35 mug/kg) and chlordiazepoxide (10 mg/kg). Conclusions. These data demonstrate that both spontaneous and precipitated withdrawal from an acutely administered opiate produce anxiety-like effects on acoustic startle. This paradigm may be useful in the study of anxiety and the early mechanisms of drug dependence.
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