Study of the tidal variations in mesospheric temperature at low and mid latitudes from WINDII and potassium lidar observations

Zonal mean daytime temperatures from the Wind Imaging Interferometer (WINDII) on the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS) and nightly temperatures from a potassium (K) lidar are employed in the study of the tidal variations in mesospheric temperature at low and mid latitudes in the Northern Hemisphere. The analysis is applied to observations at 89 km height for winter solstice, December to February (DJF), at 55degrees N, and for May and November at 28degrees N. The WINDII results are based on observations from 1991 to 1997. The K-lidar observations for DJF at Kuhlungborn (54degrees N) were from 1996-1999, while those for May and November at Tenerife 28degrees N were from 1999. To avoid possible effects from year-to-year variability in the temperatures observed, as well as differences due to instrument calibration and observation periods, the mean temperature field is removed from the respective data sets, assuming that only tidal and planetary scale perturbations remain in the temperature residuals. The latter are then binned in 0.5 h periods and the individual data sets are fitted in a least mean square sense to 12-h and 8-h harmonics, to infer semidiurnal and terdiurnal tidal parameters. Both the K-lidar and WINDII independently observed a strong semidiurnal tide in November, with amplitudes of 13 K and 7.4 K, respectively. Good agreement was also found in the tidal parameters derived from the two data sets for DJF and May. It was recognized that insufficient local time coverage of the two separate data sets could lead to an overestimation of the semidiurnal tidal amplitude. A combined ground-based/satelite data set with full diurnal local time coverage was created which was fitted to 24 h+12 h+8 h harmonics and a novel method applied to account for possible differences between the daytime and nighttime means. The results still yielded a strong semidiurnal tide in November at 28degrees N with an amplitude of 8.8 K which is twice the SID amplitude in May and DIE The diurnal tidal parameters were practically the same at 28degrees N and 55degrees N, in November and DJF, respectively, with an amplitude of 6.5 K and peaking at similar to9h. The diurnal and semidiurnal amplitudes in May were about the same, 4 K, and 4.6 K, while the terdiurnal tide had the same amplitudes and phases in May and November at 28degrees N. Good agreement is found with other experimental data while models tend to underestimate the amplitudes.