Activation of A(2A) adenosine receptors inhibits expression of alpha 4/beta 1 integrin (very late antigen-4) on stimulated human neutrophils

The alpha4/beta1 integrin very late antigen-4 (CD49d/CD29) is up-regulated on circulating neutrophils of septic patients. Although no individual agent mimics this effect of sepsis, we now report that following priming of human neutrophils with lipopolysaccharide or tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), addition of formyl-Met-Leu-Phe (fMLP) results in a stimulated, sepsis-like, four- to fivefold rise in CD49d expression. TNF/fMLP stimulation also produced a similar increase in CD49d-mediated adhesion of neutrophils to a vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1)-coated surface. Adenosine is a naturally occurring, anti-inflammatory mediator released from injured or inflamed tissues. We observed that stimulated neutrophil CD49d expression was decreased by activation of A(2A) adenosine receptors (A(2A)AR) with the selective agonist 4-{3-[6-amino-9-(5-ethylcarbamoyl-3,4-dihydroxy-tetrahydro-furan-2-yl)-9H-purin-2-yl]-prop-2-ynyl}-cyclohexanecarboxylicacid methyl ester (ATL146e; EC50=6.4 nM). ATL146e (100 nM) also reduced the fraction of stimulated neutrophils that adhered to VCAM-1 from 38 +/- 6% to 27 +/- 5%. Inhibition of CD49d expression was equally inbibited by ATL146e, added before or after TNF priming, and was reversed by incubation with the A(2A)AR-selective antagonist 4-{2-[7-amino-2-(2-furyl) (1, 2, 4)triazolo(2,3-a) (1, 3, 5)triazin-5-yl-amino]ethyl}-phenol (ZM241385; 100 nM). A suboptimal ATL146e concentration (I nM) combined with the type IV phosphodiesterase inhibitor rolipram (100 nM) synergistically decreased stimulated CD49d expression by >50%. The cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-dependent kinase [protein kinase A (PKA)] inhibitor H-89 (10 muM) reversed the effect of ATL146e on stimulated CD49d expression. Other means of increasing cAMP in nentrophils also decreased stimulated CD49d expression. We conclude that adenosine binding to A(2A)AR counteracts stimulation of neutrophil CD49d integrin expression and nentrophil binding to VCAM-1 via a cAMP/PKA-mediated pathway.