Anti-diabetic effects of shubat in type 2 diabetic rats induced by combination of high-glucose-fat diet and low-dose streptozotocin

Ethnopharmacological relevance: Shubat, probiotic fermented camel milk, has been used both as a drink with ethnic flavor and a medicine among Kazakh population for diabetic patients. Kazakh people have lower diabetic prevalence and impaired fasting glucose (IFG) than do other ethnic groups living in Xinjiang China, which might be related to the beneficial properties of shubat We therefore prepared shubat in laboratory and tested anti-diabetic activity and evaluated its possible hypolipidemic and renoprotective effects in type 2 diabetic rats. Materials and methods: Type 2 diabetic rats were induced by an administration of high-glucose-fat diet for 6 weeks and an intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ, 30 mg/kg). Diabetic rats were divided randomly into four groups and treated for 28 days with sitagliptin (30 mg/kg) or shubat (6.97 x 10(6) lactic acid bacteria +2.20 X 10(4) yeasts) CFU/mL, (6.97 X 10(7) lactic acid bacteria+2.20 x 10(5) yeasts) CFU/mL and (6.97 x 10(8) lactic acid bacteria+2.20 X 10(6) yeasts) CFU/mL. In addition, a normal control group and a diabetic control group were used for comparison. All drugs were given orally once daily 10 mL/kg for 4 weeks. Fasting blood glucose (FBG) and body weight (BW) were measured before treatment and every week thereafter. Total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), serum creatinine (SCr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), C-peptide, glycated hemoglobin (HbAlc), glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) levels and pancreas tissue sections were tested after 4 weeks. Results: Shubat demonstrated positive hypoglycemic activity on FBG, HbAlc, C-peptide and GLP-1 levels, high dose shubat decreased FBG (P <0.01) and HbAlc (P <0.05), increased C-peptide (P <0.05) and GLP1 (P <0.01), decreased serum TC, TG, LDL-c (P <0.05), increased HDL-c (P <0.01), and improved the reduction of body weight as well as decreased SCr and BUN levels (P <0.01) compared to diabetic controls. Histological analysis showed shubat protected the function of islets of type 2 diabetic rats. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that shubat has significant hypoglycemic potential in T2D rats and may modulate lipid metabolism and protect renal function in the type 2 diabetic condition, which might be related to various probiotics acting through promoting the release of GLP-1 and improving the function of beta-cells. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.