期刊
JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY
卷 27, 期 4, 页码 587-596出版社
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.jsg.2005.01.005
关键词
numerical modelling; finite element; thrust faulting; large-scale glaciotectonics
The mechanics of thrust faulting induced by a differential vertical load has been studied by application of a dynamic finite element model. The modelled scenario is analogous to the glaciostatic load imposed onto an unconsolidated sedimentary substrate by a stationary ice sheet. The objective is to evaluate whether large-scale glaciotectonic deformation may be induced by gravity spreading in front of a stationary glacier or if a push from the rear is required. The model is capable of handling large strains and rotations combined with visco-elastic-plastic rheologies. Model parameters are derived from a Pleistocene large-scale glaciotectonic thrust complex in the eastern Danish North Sea. The plastic behaviour of the unconsolidated sediments is described by a time and pressure dependent Drucker-Prager yield criterion combined with a non-associated flow law. The modelling results show that gravity spreading in front of a stationary ice-sheet can form strain localisations and possibly cause thrust faults to nucleate in unconsolidated sediments several kilometres beyond the snout of the ice-sheet, provided a decollement surface is situated at a suitable depth relative to the effective load of the ice-sheet. Hence it is concluded that large-scale glaciotectonic thrusting may be formed by gravity spreading alone, and a push front the rear is not generally required to explain the observed deformation. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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