期刊
CELL CALCIUM
卷 38, 期 3-4, 页码 397-407出版社
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2005.06.018
关键词
sarcoplasmic reticulum; ion channels; contraction; calcium sparks
类别
Calcium signalling in smooth muscles is complex, but our understanding of it has increased markedly in recent years. Thus, progress has been made in relating global Ca2+ signals to changes in force in smooth muscles and understanding the biochemical and molecular mechanisms involved in Ca2+ sensitization, i.e. altering the relation between Ca2+ and force. Attention is now focussed more on the role of the internal Ca2+ store, the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), global Ca2+ signals and control of excitability. Modem imaging techniques have shown the elaborate SR network in smooth muscles, along with the expression Of IP3 and ryanodine receptors. The role and cross-talk between these two Ca2+ release mechanisms, as well as possible compartmentalization of the SR Ca2+ store are discussed. The close proximity between SR and surface membrane has long been known but the details of this special region to Ca2+ signalling and the role of local sub-membrane Ca2+ concentrations and membrane microdomains are only now emerging. The activation of K+ and Cl- channels by local Ca2+ signals, can have profound effects on excitability and hence contraction. We examine the evidence for both Ca2+ sparks and puffs in controlling ion channel activity, as well as a fundamental role for Ca2+ sparks in governing the period of inexcitability in smooth muscle, i.e. the refractory period. Finally, the relation between different Ca2+ signals, e.g. sparks, waves and transients, to smooth muscle activity in health and disease is becoming clearer and will be discussed. (C) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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