Sulfur infiltrated mesoporous graphene-silica composite as a polysulfide retaining cathode material for lithium-sulfur batteries

The lithium-sulfur (Li-S) system is an attractive candidate to replace the current state-ofthe-art lithium-ion battery due to the promising theoretical charge capacity of 1675 mA h/g and energy density of 2500 Wh/kg; however, the dissolution of intermediate polysulfides into the organic liquid electrolyte during cycling hinders its practical realization. We report the synthesis of mesoporous graphene-silica composite (m-GS) as a supporting material of sulfur for Li-S batteries. The ordered porous silica structure was synthesized parallel to functionalized graphene sheets (FGSs) through the ternary cooperative assembly of the graphene, silica, and block copolymer precursors. The well-defined, unique mesoporous structure integrates the electronic conductivity of graphene and the dual functions of silica as a structure building block and in situ polysulfide ab-/ad-sorbing agent to give a Li-S battery that has both good retention ability of polysulfides and good rate capability. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.