The influence of folate and antioxidants on homocysteine levels and oxidative stress in patients with hyperlipidemia and hyperhomocysteinemia

The aim of this study was to observe the effect of folate and antioxidants alone on homocysteine levels and oxidative stress markers, and to evaluate whether their co-administration promotes their effects. One hundred patients with hyperhomocysteinemia were randomized into four equal groups, which were then treated with folate, antioxidants or folate plus antioxidants for 2 months; group IV was a control group. Serum homocysteine, folate and oxidative stress markers were measured before the study, at the end of folate and/or antioxidants administration and 3 months later. Folate caused a significant decrease in homocysteine concentration. Antioxidants did not influence homocysteine concentration, but they improved the antioxidative defense (plasma antioxidant capacity and intraerythrocyte glutathione were increased) and partially prevented lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde level was slightly decreased). Supplementation with folate had a similar effect on intracellular glutathione and plasma malondialdehyde. Simultaneous administration of folate and antioxidants did not show any additive effect with the exception of a slower decrease of folate concentration after its supplementation had been discontinued. Folate may be considered as an effective antioxidant in patients with hyperhomocysteinemia; this can be a result of decreased production of free radicals due to a reduced level of homocysteine. Its antioxidative effect cannot be promoted by co-administration of antioxidants.