Highly porous graphitic materials prepared by catalytic graphitization

Ultrathin graphitic nanostructures are grown inside solid activated carbon particles by catalytic graphitization method with the aid of Ni. The graphitic nanostructures consist of 3-8 graphitic layers, forming a highly conductive network on the surface of disordered carbon frameworks. Owing to the ultrathin characteristic of the produced graphitic nanostructures, the resulted porous graphitic carbons show a high specific surface area up to 1622 m(2)/g. A detailed investigation reveals that the features of the growing graphitic nanostructures are strongly associated with the catalytic temperature as well as the state of Ni nanoparticles. Some well-dispersed fine Ni particles with diameter below 15 nm are found to be the key to form the ultrathin graphitic nanostructures at appropriate catalytic temperature. Also, a novel mechanism is proposed for the catalytic formation of the ultrathin graphitic nanostructures. As the electrode material of electrochemical capacitors, the porous graphitic carbon exhibits much higher high-rate capacitive performance compared to its activated carbon precursor. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.