True molecular solutions of natural cellulose in the binary ionic liquid-containing solvent mixtures

Evidence is presented for the first time of true molecular dissolution of cellulose in binary mixtures of common polar organic solvents with ionic liquid. Cryogenic transmission electron microscopy, small-angle neutron-, X-ray- and static light scattering were used to investigate the structure of cellulose solutions in mixture of dimethyl formamide and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate. Structural information on the dissolved chains (average molecular weight similar to 5 x 10(4) g/mol; gyration radius similar to 36 nm, persistence length similar to 4.5 nm), indicate the absence of significant aggregation of the dissolved chains and the calculated value of the second virial coefficient similar to 2.45 x 10(-2) mol ml/g(2) indicates that this solvent system is a good solvent for cellulose. More facile dissolution of cellulose could be achieved in solvent mixtures that exhibit the highest electrical conductivity. Highly concentrated cellulose solution in pure ionic liquid (27 wt.%) prepared according to novel method, utilizing the rapid evaporation of a volatile co-solvent in binary solvent mixtures at superheated conditions, shows insignificant cellulose molecular aggregation. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.