Hierarchical evolution of arrayed nanowires, nanorods, and nanosheets in ZnO

Various intriguing arrayed nanostructures of ZnO, i.e., arrayed nanowires, arrayed nanorods, arrayed nanosheets, were fabricated in series by controlling the processing temperature and oxygen contents systematically based on a simple thermal evaporation process. These structures are monolithically single crystalline and the examples of spontaneous organization of vapor molecular species into nanoscale structures and their microscale assemblies or superlattices in one step. These kinds of arrayed structures might be useful in arrayed nanoscale optoelectronic and electrochemical applications.