Overcoming the stressful effect of low pH on soybean root hair curling using lipochitooligosacharides

Signal molecules are among the major factors required for the legume bacteria symbiosis. The excretion of signal molecules by plants stimulates the bacterial Nod genes resulting in the production of lipochitooligosacharides (LCOs). LCOs cause root hair deformation (RHD) and induction of nodule cells division, leading to the formation of nodules. The chemical structure of LCOs determines their biochemical activities; for example, removal of the sulfate group can significantly reduce the morphogenic activities of LCOs. Stressful conditions interrupt the excretion of signal molecules by the legumes' roots and consequently the inhibition of LCO production by the bacteria. This research has studied the effect of different concentrations of LCOs on RHD of two soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr] cultivars, AC Bravour and Maple Glen, under acidity stress. In the first experiment, two different concentrations of LCO (10(-7) and 10(-6) M) and in the second experiment, three different concentrations of LCO (10(-7), 10(-6), and 10(-5) M) were added to the soybean roots subjected to the pH levels of 4, 5, 6, and 7 for 24 h. By microscopy observation, the ratios of RHD were determined. Addition of LCOs resulted in RHD in both cultivars. Maple Glen roots responded similarly to different concentrations of LCO, whereas roots of AC Bravour responded differently. The concentration of 10(-5) M LCO could inhibit the stressful effect of pH 4 on RHD compared with pH 7 in both cultivars. The significant interaction between LCO and pH suggests that the effect of LCO on RHD may be more significant under higher levels of acidity.