Cytotoxic potential of phenothiazines

Phenothiazines, a kind of sulfur-containing tricyclic compounds, have diverse biological activities including tranquilizer, antibacterial, antitumor and antihelmintic activities due to the relatively lower cytotoxicity. Phenothiazincs have been used for clinical treatments as psychotropics. In contrast to the psychotropic preparations, their information of other biological activities of phenothiazines and their related compounds has been limited. This review article summarizes the interaction with DNA (using quantum calculation), antitumor activity, differentiation or apoptosis-inducing activity, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-induction, antiproliferative activity, radical scavenging activity, antimutagenic activity, antiplasmid activity, antibacterial activity, reversal of multidrug resistance (MDR), blast transformation activity of phenothiazines, benz[a] acrid ines and benzo[a]phenothiazines.