EPR Distance Measurements in Native Proteins with Genetically Encoded Spin Labels

The genetic encoding of nitroxide amino acids in combination with electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) distance measurements enables precise: structural studies of native proteins, i.e.. Without the need for mutations to create unique reactive sites for chemical labeling and thus with minimal structural perturbation. We here report on in Measurements in native E coli thioredoxin (TRX) that establish the nitroxide amino acid SLK-1 as a spectroscopic probe That reports distances and conformational flexibilities in the enzyme with nonmutated catalytic centers that are not accessible by the use of the traditional methanethiosulfonate spin label (MTSSL). We,generated,a rotamer library for SLK-1 that in combination with molecular dynamics (MD) simulation enables predictions of distance distributions between two SLK-1 labels incorporated into a target protein Toward a routine use of SLK-1 for EPR distance measurements:an proteins and the advancement Of the approach to intracellular environments, we study the stability of SLK-1 in E. colt cultures and lysates and establish,guidelines for protein expression and purification that offer maximal nitroxide stability. These advancements and insights provide new perspectives for facile structural studies of native, endogenous proteins by EPR distance measurements.