期刊
CANCER RESEARCH
卷 73, 期 13, 页码 4039-4049出版社
AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH
DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-12-1969
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资金
- Marie Curie Action: Early Stage Training [MEST-CT-2005 020718]
- Cancer Research UK [C1060/A6916, C1060/A5117, C309/A8274, C107/A10433]
- EPSRC platform [EP/H046526/1]
- Cancer Research UK
- EPSRC Cancer Imaging Centre in association
- MRC and Department of Health (England) [C1060/A10334]
- NHS
- Cancer Research UK [19279, 16464, 11566, 17240] Funding Source: researchfish
- Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council [EP/H046526/1] Funding Source: researchfish
- National Institute for Health Research [NF-SI-0512-10162] Funding Source: researchfish
- EPSRC [EP/H046526/1] Funding Source: UKRI
The RAS/BRAF/MEK/ERK signaling pathway is a central driver in cancer with many BRAF and MEK inhibitors being evaluated in clinical trials. Identifying noninvasive biomarkers of early pharmacodynamic responses is important for development of these targeted drugs. As increased aerobic glycolysis is often observed in cancer, we hypothesized that MEK1/2 (MAP2K1/MAP2K2) inhibitors may reduce lactate levels as detected by magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), as a metabolic biomarker for the pharmacodynamic response. MRS was used to monitor intracellular and extracellular levels of lactate in human cancer cells in vitro and in melanoma tumors ex vivo. In addition, we used H-1 MRS and a fluorescent glucose analog to evaluate the effect of MEK inhibition on glucose uptake. MEK1/2 signaling inhibition reduced extracellular lactate levels in BRAF-dependent cells but not BRAF-independent cells. The reduction in extracellular lactate in BRAF-driven melanoma cells was time-dependent and associated with reduced expression of hexokinase-II driven by c-Myc depletion. Taken together, these results reveal how MEK1/2 inhibition affects cancer cell metabolism in the context of BRAF oncogene addiction. Furthermore, they offer a preclinical proof-of-concept for the use of MRS to measure lactate as a noninvasive metabolic biomarker for pharmacodynamic response to MEK1/2 inhibition in BRAF-driven cancers.
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