New thoughts on the pathobiology of regimen-related mucosal injury

Background: Our understanding of the biological basis for mucosal barrier injury (mucositis) induced by cancer therapy with radiation or drugs continues to evolve. A patient's mucosal response to cancer therapy appears to be controlled by both global (i.e. gender, underlying systemic disease, race) and tissue specific (i.e. epithelial type, intrinsic endocrine system, local microbial environment, function) factors. Conclusion: Interactions of these elements, coupled with underlying genetic influences, most likely govern the risk, course and severity of regimen-related mucosal injury.