期刊
JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY
卷 90, 期 1, 页码 147-164出版社
AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC
DOI: 10.1037/0022-3514.90.1.147
关键词
prosocial behavior; development; genetics; parenting; twins early development study
资金
- MRC [G0500079] Funding Source: UKRI
- Medical Research Council [G9817803B] Funding Source: researchfish
- EUNICE KENNEDY SHRIVER NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF CHILD HEALTH & HUMAN DEVELOPMENT [R01HD044454] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
- Medical Research Council [G0500079] Funding Source: Medline
- NICHD NIH HHS [HD44454] Funding Source: Medline
The authors investigated genetic and environmental contributions to the relationships between children's (N = 9,319 twin pairs) prosocial behavior and parental positivity and negativity toward them. Children's prosocial behavior was rated by parents at ages 3, 4, and 7 and by teachers at age 7. At each age, parents described their feelings and discipline toward each twin. Parental positivity was indexed by positive feelings and positive, noncoercive discipline, and parental negativity was indexed by negative feelings and coercive, punitive discipline. Genetics and the environment both contributed to individual differences in prosocial behavior and in parenting. At all ages, parental positivity correlated positively, and parental negativity correlated negatively with prosocial behavior. Genetic factors largely mediated the negative correlation between prosocial behavior and parental negativity. Shared environmental effects contributed mainly to the positive relationship between prosocial behavior and parental positivity. This pattern was found both cross-sectionally and longitudinally. The findings point to the importance of children's characteristics and of the parent-child relationship in family processes.
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