Glutathione and antioxidant enzymes in the hepatopancreas of crayfish Procambarus clarkii (Girard, 1852) of Lake Trasimeno (Italy)

Antioxidant parameters, such as total glutathione, glutathione S-transferase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, glyoxalases, catalase, and some heavy metals such as, lead, cadmium and chromium were examined in hepatopancreas of both sexes of Procambarus clarkii collected seasonally from Lake Trasimeno, from winter 20002003 to autumn 2003. Heavy metals content in hepatopancreas in males and females of P clarkii was low and did not vary through the sampling periods and between sexes. On the contrary, crayfish exhibited sex-dependent differences in levels of some enzyme activities and of total glutathione, and no apparent relationship was found between contaminant burdens and antioxidant indexes in hepatopancreas. Because measured metal concentrations were low, other factors, presumably, were involved in antioxidant variations in P clarkii and these latter seemed to be affected more by biological and environmental factors, other than those related to pollutants body burdens.