Recent developments in processing and surface modification of hydroxyapatite

The present paper reviews the developments in the fields of bioceramic materials and laser surface microstructuring of materials. The clinical success of a bioceramic implant depends largely on the biological response at the implant interface in addition to the sufficiency of the mechanical properties for the application. The use of lasers in the present paper is largely to tailor the topography, surface properties and composition with a view to enhancing the implant biocompatibility. Developments in production methods for hydroxyapatite [HA:Ca-10(PO4)(6)(OH)(2)] are also discussed with the advantages of producing nanocrystalline material via emulsion routes. The improved mechanical stability featured by nanocrystalline HA should promote clinical success in further load bearing applications.