Linkage of N3 dye to N3 dye on nanocrystalline TiO2 through trans-1,2-bis(4-pyridyl) ethylene for enhancement of photocurrent of dye-sensitized solar cells

Linking of N3 dye to another TiO2-attached N3 dye rendered an enhanced short-circuit photocurrent and thereby higher efficiency for the dye-sensitized solar cell with the pertinent TiO2 film electrode.