期刊
NEUROSCIENCE
卷 138, 期 3, 页码 947-955出版社
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2005.07.050
关键词
sex differences; testosterone; estrogen; bed nucleus of the stria terminalis; amygdala; lateral septum
资金
- NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF MENTAL HEALTH [K02MH001497, R01MH047538] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
- NIMH NIH HHS [K02 MH001497, R01 MH047538, K02- MH01497, R01-MH47538] Funding Source: Medline
Vasopressin neurons in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis and amygdala and vasotocin neurons in homologous areas in non-mammalian vertebrates show some of the most consistently found neural sex differences, with males having more cells and denser projections than females. These projections have been implicated in social and reproductive behaviors but also in autonomic functions. The sex differences in these projections may cause as well as prevent sex differences in these functions. This paper discusses the anatomy, steroid dependency, and sexual differentiation of these neurons. Although the final steps in sexual differentiation of vasopressin/vasotocin expression may be similar across vertebrate species, what triggers differentiation may vary dramatically. For example, during development, estrogen masculinizes vasopressin expression in rats but feminizes its counterpart in Japanese quail. Apparently, nature consistently finds a way of maintaining sex differences in vasopressin and vasotocin pathways, suggesting that the function of these differences is important enough that it was conserved during evolution. (C) 2005 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of IBRO.
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