Admixture mapping of an allele affecting interleukin 6 soluble receptor and interleukin 6 levels

Circulating levels of inflammatory markers can predict cardiovascular disease risk. To identify genes influencing the levels of these markers, we genotyped 1,343 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 1,184 African Americans from the Health, Aging and Body Composition (Health ABC) Study. Using admixture mapping, we found a significant association of interleukin 6 soluble receptor (IL-6 SR) with European ancestry on chromosome 1 (LOD 4.59), in a region that includes the gene for this receptor (IL-6R). Genotyping 19 SNPs showed that the effect is largely explained by an allele at 4% frequency in West Africans and at 35% frequency in European Americans, first described as associated with IL-6 SR in a Japanese cohort. We replicate this association (P << 1.0 x 10(-12)) and also demonstrate a new association with circulating levels of a different molecule, IL-6 (P < 3.4 x 10(-5)). After replication in 1,674 European Americans from Health ABC, the combined result is even more significant: P << 1.0 x 10(-12) for IL-6 SR, and P < 2.0 x 10(-9) for IL-6. These results also serve as an important proof of principle, showing that admixture mapping can not only coarsely localize but can also fine map a phenotypically important variant.