Activating transcription factor 3 is a novel repressor of the nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-regulated stress pathway

The transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) regulates induction of an extensive cellular stress response network when complexed with the cAMP-responsive element binding protein (CBP) at antioxidant response elements (ARE) located in the promoter region of target genes. Activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) can repress Nrf2-mediated signaling in a manner that is not well understood. Here, we show that ATF3-mediated suppression is a consequence of direct ATF3-Nrf2 protein-protein interactions that result in displacement of CBP from the ARE. This work establishes ATF3 as a novel repressor of the Nrf2-directed stress response pathway.