Food insecurity and gender are risk factors for obesity

objective: Examine relationships between adult obesity, childhood overweight, and food insecurity. Design: Cross-sectional retrospective study. Setting: Community settings in Hartford, Connecticut. Participants: Convenience sample of 200 parents and their 212 children, aged 2-12. Main Outcome Measures: Adult obesity (Body Mass Index [BMI] > 30), childhood overweight (BMI-for-age > 95' percentile), and household food security (U.S. Department of Agriculture module). Analysis: Chi-square tests between weight status and socioeconomic characteristics. Multinomial regression analyses to determine risk factors for adult obesity and childhood overweight. Results: Over half of parents (51%) were obese, and almost one-third of children (31.6%) were overweight. Over half of households were food insecure. Food insecure adults were significantly more likely to be obese as those who were food secure (Odds Ratio [OR] = 2.45, p =.02). Being a girl and having an obese parent doubled the likelihood of children being overweight (OR=2.56, P =.01; OR=2.32, P =.03). Children with family incomes below 100% of poverty were half as likely to be overweight as those with higher incomes (OR=.47, P =.05). Food insecurity did not increase odds of childhood overweight. Conclusions and implications: Obesity prevention programs and policies need to address food insecurity and gender as key risk factors.