Minimally invasive and selective hydrodynamic gene therapy of liver segments in the pig and human

This paper highlights our experience of the transfer of hydrodynamic gene therapy (HGT) from the large animal, the pig, into clinical practice. The modification of balloon catheters and the development of a minimally invasive technique to allow selective isolation of liver segments for HGT in the large animal and human are described. Finally, our preliminary results from a phase I clinical study of HGT for thrombopoietin (TPO) in cirrhotic patients with thrombocytopenia are discussed. Based on these provisional data, minimally invasive selective HGT of liver segments appears to be technically safe, but further work is required to optimize the efficiency of gene transfer in order to achieve clinical benefit.