Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A(2) - Review of its role as a marker and a potential participant in coronary endothelial dysfunction

The role of inflammation in atherosclerosis continues to emerge. Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A(2) (Lp-PLA(2)), a novel plasma biomarker, circulates in the blood bound mainly to low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and promotes vascular inflammation. Several epidemiological studies have shown that circulating levels of LpPLA(2) are an independent risk factor for cardiovascular events. Recent studies demonstrate that Lp-PLA2 is also associated with endothelial dysfunction and early atherosclerosis. This review provides an overview of these studies, suggests plausible mechanisms for the association between endothelial dysfunction and Lp-PLA2, and highlights future potential therapies.