Modulation of cell-mediated immune response in B16F-10 melanoma-induced metastatic tumor-bearing C57BL/6 mice by sulforaphane

Effect of sulforaphane on cell-mediated immune response (CMI) was studied in B16F-10 melanoma-induced metastasis-bearing C57BL/6 mice. Administration of sulforaphane significantly enhanced natural killer (NK) cell activity in metastatic tumor-bearing animals (43.17% cell lysis, on day 5) and the activity was observed earlier than in tumor-bearing control animals (maximum of 9.76% cell lysis, on day 9). Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity also was enhanced significantly in metastatic tumor-bearing animals (41.20% cell lysis on day 9) after sulforaphane administration compared with untreated control tumor-bearing animals ( maximum of 12.62% cell lysis on day 15). An early antibody-dependent complement-mediated cytotoxicity also was observed in sulforaphane-treated tumor-bearing animals (26% cell lysis, on day 15). Administration of sulforaphane significantly enhanced the production of IL-2 and IFN-gamma in metastatic tumor-bearing animals. In addition, sulforaphane significantly downregulated the serum levels of proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-1 beta, IL-6, TNF-alpha, and GM-CSF during metastasis. These data clearly suggest that sulforaphane effectively inhibited the spread of metastatic tumor cells through the stimulation of CMI, upregulation of IL-2 and IFN-gamma, and downregulation of proinflammatory cytokines IL-1 beta, IL-6, TNF-alpha, and GM-CSF.