期刊
JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY
卷 108, 期 6, 页码 2672-2682出版社
OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC
DOI: 10.1093/jee/tov241
关键词
imidacloprid; olefin; Adelges tsugae; hemlock woolly adelgid; eastern hemlock
类别
资金
- United States Department of Interior, National Park Service [J547110059]
- USDA Forest Service [11-DG-11083150-021]
Widespread decline and mortality of eastern hemlock, Tsuga canadensis (L.) CarriSre, have been caused by hemlock woolly adelgid, Adelges tsugae (Annand) (HWA) (Hemiptera: Adelgidae). The current study is a retrospective analysis conducted in collaboration with Great Smoky Mountains National Park (GRSM) to determine longevity of imidacloprid and its insecticidal metabolites (imidacloprid olefin, 5-hydroxy, and dihydroxy) in GRSM's HWA integrated pest management (IPM) program. Foliage samples were collected from three canopy strata of hemlocks that were given imidacloprid basal drench treatments 4-7 yr prior to sampling. Foliage was analyzed to assess concentrations in parts per billion (ppb) of imidacloprid and its metabolites. Imidacloprid and its olefin metabolite were present in most, 95 and 65%, respectively, branchlets 4-7 yr post-treatment, but the 5-hydroxy and dihydroxy metabolites were present in only 1.3 and 11.7%, respectively, of the branchlets. Imidacloprid and olefin concentrations significantly decreased between 4 and 7 yr post-treatment. Concentrations of both imidacloprid and olefin were below the LC50 for HWA 5-7 yr post-treatment. Knowledge of the longevity of imidacloprid treatments and its metabolite olefin can help maximize the use of imidacloprid in HWA IPM programs.
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