期刊
CANCER CAUSES & CONTROL
卷 21, 期 3, 页码 357-371出版社
SPRINGER
DOI: 10.1007/s10552-009-9468-y
关键词
Fruits; Vegetables; Lung neoplasms; Small cell lung carcinoma; Non-small-cell lung carcinoma; Adenocarcinoma; Large cell carcinoma
资金
- European Commission
- Research DirectorateGeneral 2005
- Ligue contre le Cancer, Societe 3 M
- Mutuelle Generale de l'Education Nationale, Institut National de la Santeet de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM) (France)
- German Cancer Aid, German Cancer Research Center, Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany)
- Danish Cancer Society (Denmark)
- Spanish Ministry of Health, The participating regional governments and institutions (Spain)
- Cancer Research UK
- Medical Research Council
- Stroke Association
- British Heart Foundation
- Department of Health
- Food Standards Agency
- Wellcome Trust (United Kingdom)
- Greek Ministry of Health and Social Solidarity, Hellenic Health Foundation and Stavros Niarchos Foundation (Greece)
- Italian Association for Research on Cancer, National Research Council (Italy)
- Dutch Ministry of Public Health, Welfare and Sports, Dutch Prevention Funds, LK Research Funds, Dutch ZON (Zorg Onderzoek Nederland)
- World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF) (the Netherlands)
- Swedish Cancer Society, Swedish Scientific Council, Regional Government of Skane (Sweden)
- Norwegian Cancer Society (Norway)
- Medical Research Council [G0401527, G0801056B] Funding Source: researchfish
Objective To examine the association between fruit and vegetable consumption and risk of different histological subtypes of lung cancer among participants of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition study. Methods Multivariable Cox proportional hazard models were used to analyze the data. A calibration study in a subsample was used to reduce dietary measurement errors. Results During a mean follow-up of 8.7 years, 1,830 incident cases of lung cancer (574 adenocarcinoma, 286 small cell, 137 large cell, 363 squamous cell, 470 other histologies) were identified. In line with our previous conclusions, we found that after calibration a 100 g/day increase in fruit and vegetables consumption was associated with a reduced lung cancer risk (HR 0.94; 95% CI 0.89-0.99). This was also seen among current smokers (HR 0.93; 95% CI 0.90-0.97). Risks of squamous cell carcinomas in current smokers were reduced for an increase of 100 g/day of fruit and vegetables combined (HR 0.85; 95% CI 0.76-0.94), while no clear effects were seen for the other histological subtypes. Conclusion We observed inverse associations between the consumption of vegetables and fruits and risk of lung cancer without a clear effect on specific histological subtypes of lung cancer. In current smokers, consumption of vegetables and fruits may reduce lung cancer risk, in particular the risk of squamous cell carcinomas.
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