A case for fractal electrodes in electrochemical applications

Fractal electrode designs are proposed for electrochemical devices. A zeroth-order approximation fractal model is analyzed and basic insights into the scaling laws of the electrical properties and the surface-to-area ratio are derived. Fractal electrodes can minimize internal resistance while maximizing surface- to- volume ratios. Recent carbon microelectromechanical systems ( C-MEMS ) techniques show great promise for use in the fabrication of fractal electrodes for electrochemical applications. Preliminary results showing carbon fractal electrodes fabricated using C-MEMS techniques are presented. (c) 2006 The Electrochemical Society.