Cationic comb-type copolymers for boosting DNA-fueled nanomachines

For the better applications and developments of DNA nanomachines, their responding kinetics, output, and sequence-selectivity need to be improved. Furthermore, the DNA nanomachines currently have several limitations in operating conditions. Here we show that a simple addition of a cationic comb-type copolymer, poly((L)-lysine)-graft-dextran, produces the robust and quick responses of DNA nanomachines under moderate conditions including physiologically relevant conditions even at very low strand concentrations (nanomoles per liter range) through hybrid stabilization and DNA strand exchange acceleration.