Size charge fractionation of metals in municipal solid waste landfill leachate

Municipal solid waste landfill leachates from 9 Norwegian sites were size charge fractionated in the field, to obtain three fractions: particulate and colloidal matter < 0.45 mu m, free anions/non-labile complexes < 0.45 mu m and free cations/labile complexes < 0.45 mu m. The fractionation showed that Cd and Zn, and especially Cu and Pb, were present to a large degree (63-98%) as particulate and colloidal matter > 0.45 mu m. Cr, Co and Ni were on the contrary present mostly as non-labile complexes (69-79%) < 0.45 mu m. The major cations Ca, Mg, K, and Mn were present mainly as free cations/labile complexes < 0.45 mu m, while As and Mo were present to a large degree (70-90%) as free anions/nonlabile complexes < 0.45 mu m. Aluminium was present mainly as particulate and colloidal matter > 0.45 mu m. The particulate and colloidal matter > 0.45 mu m was mainly inorganic; indicating that the metals present in this fraction were bound as inorganic compounds. The fractionation gives important information on the mobility and potential bioavailability of the metals investigated, in contrast to the total metal concentrations usually reported. To study possible changes in respective metal species in leachate in aerated sedimentation tanks, freshly sampled leachate was stored for 48 h, and subsequently fractionated. This showed that the free heavy metals are partly immobilized during storage of leachate with oxygen available. The largest effects were found for Cd and Zn. The proportion of As and Cr present as particulate matter or colloids > 0.45 mu m also increased. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.