High rates of sea-level rise during the last interglacial period

The last interglacial period, Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 5e, was characterized by global mean surface temperatures that were at least 2 degrees C warmer than present(1). Mean sea level stood 4-6m higher than modern sea level(2-13), with an important contribution from a reduction of the Greenland ice sheet(1,14). Although some fossil reef data indicate sea-level fluctuations of up to 10m around the mean(3-9,11), so far it has not been possible to constrain the duration and rates of change of these shorter-term variations. Here, we use a combination of a continuous high-resolution sea-level record, based on the stable oxygen isotopes of planktonic foraminifera from the central Red Sea(15-18), and age constraints from coral data to estimate rates of sea-level change during MIS-5e. We find average rates of sea-level rise of 1.6m per century. As global mean temperatures during MIS-5e were comparable to projections for future climate change under the influence of anthropogenic greenhouse-gas emissions(19,20), these observed rates of sea-level change inform the ongoing debate about high versus low rates of sea-level rise in the coming century(21,22).