Association of advanced glycation end products and chronic kidney disease with macroangiopathy in type 2 diabetes

Aims: Accumulation of advanced glycation end-products (AGES), may explain the major contribution of chronic kidney disease (CKD) to cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) related to their impaired renal function. The aim of this study was to analyze the factors associated with AGE assessed by skin autofluorescence and their association with macroangiopathy in T2D. Methods: We measured skin autofluorescence in patients hospitalized for T2D. Glomerular filtration rates were estimated (eGFR) by the EPI-CKD formula. Associations between skin autofluorescence, renal function and macroangiopathy were explored by multivariate analyses adjusting for diabetes duration and control. Results: The 418 patients had T2D since 13.3 (SD 9.8) years on average, high mean HbA1C: 8.9%, (SD 1.8), (74 mmol/mol, (SD 15)) and often renal complications (49.4% with CKD). Their mean skin autofluorescence was 2.53 (SD 0.62) A.U. In multivariate linear regression, skin autofluorescence was significantly associated with age (+ 0.20 for ten more years, p < 0.0001), renal insufficiency (-0.07 for less 10 mL/min/1.73 m(2) eGFR, p <0.0001) and smoking (+0.21, p = 0.0004). Autofluorescence (p = 0.01), but not CKD, was associated with macroangiopathy independent of diabetes duration and control. Conclusions: Accumulation of AGEs is independently associated with renal insufficiency and macroangiopathy in patients with T2D. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.