1-methylcyclopropene concentration and timing of postharvest application alters the ripening of 'McIntosh' apples during storage

This study evaluated the effects of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) concentration (1000 vs. 625 ppb) and treatment delays (3, 7, and 10 days after harvest) on the ripening and incidence of storage disorders in 'McIntosh' apples from three harvest times in 2004. Apples were stored in air at 0 degrees C to 1 degrees C for 3 and 6 months or in controlled atmosphere (CA) storage at 3 degrees C for 6 and 9 months. Apples treated with 1-MCP and held in air or CA storage were firmer than those not treated, but this difference in firmness was less with later harvests, more delay before 1-MCP treatment, and longer storage time. Apples treated with 1000 ppb 1-MCP were often firmer than those treated with 625 ppb after 6 months of storage and/or 7 days at 22 degrees C. Ethylene and carbon dioxide (CO,) production were reduced ill apples treated with 1-MCP, especially in fruit from the first harvest and those treated 3 days after harvest. Fruit treated with 1000 ppb 1-MCP showed a slower increase in ethylene production than those treated with 625 ppb during 14 days at 22 degrees C after storage. CO2 production was the lowest in 'McIntosh' apples treated with 1000 ppb 1-MCP 3 days after harvest, but fruit treated with 625 ppb also exhibited lower respiration than those not treated. Storage disorders were most prevalent in 'McIntosh' apples stored for 6 months in air at 0 degrees C to 1 degrees C, whereas fruit from the first harvest treated with 1-MCP 3 days after harvest developed the fewest disorders. 1-MCP reduced the incidence of superficial scald, flesh browning, core browning, and senescent breakdown, while 1-MCP concentration and treatment delay had varying effects. This research has provided the basis for Canadian registration of SmartFreshs(SM) use on apples at 1000 ppb 1-MCP and for the requirement that treatment be within 3 days of harvest.