期刊
NEUROSCIENTIST
卷 14, 期 2, 页码 171-181出版社
SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC
DOI: 10.1177/1073858407308518
关键词
glutamate; synaptic; synapse; glutamate receptor; ambient extracellular glutamate
资金
- NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS AND STROKE [R01NS045628] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
Many neuroscientists assume that ambient extracellular glutamate concentrations in the nervous system are biologically negligible under nonpathological conditions. This assumption is false. Hundreds of studies over several decades suggest that ambient extracellular glutamate levels in the intact mammalian brain are similar to 0.5 to similar to 5 mu M. This has important implications. Glutamate receptors are desensitized by glutamate concentrations significantly lower than needed for receptor activation; 0.5 to 5 mu M of glutamate is high enough to cause constitutive desensitization of most glutamate receptors. Therefore, most glutamate receptors in vivo may be constitutively desensitized, and ambient extracellular glutamate and receptor desensitization may be potent but generally unrecognized regulators of synaptic transmission. Unfortunately, the mechanisms regulating ambient extracellular glutamate and glutamate receptor desensitization remain poorly understood and understudied.
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