Aqueous Electrolytes Based Dye-sensitized Solar Cells using I-/I3- Redox Couple to Achieve ≥ 4% Power Conversion Efficiency

We report on the influence of water as an electrolyte on the photovoltaic performances. The photovoltaic performance was shown to be quite sensitive to the substituent on the donor group. An optimized efficiency of 4.41% in the presence of 100% water content using I-/I-3(-) redox couple was obtained using the D21L6 organic dye.