Implications of trends in LEED usage: rating system design and market transformation

Green building rating systems serve multiple functions: they define the attributes of green buildings, provide tools for environmental assessment and include specific interventions intended to promote market transformation. These goals are often complementary, but can also create tensions in the design and application of rating systems. Recent patterns and trends are considered for projects certified using LEED-NC and LEED-EBOM (new construction and existing buildings, respectively) rating systems. New data are presented on (1) patterns and trends in on-going market transformation (credit achievement, levels of certification and types, geographic distribution of project, etc.) and (2) the design and revision of the LEED rating system based on broad patterns of engagement and the achievement of individual credits. The data indicate strong regional and temporal variation in green building activity. The flexibility of LEED has allowed a diversity of credit achievement patterns. Information on these market-based patterns and trends can be used to balance the need for market engagement with the mission to raise standards over time. Patterns and trends for different locations can stimulate discussion of different markets and the most effective approaches for their transformation.