Ability of 18-fludeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/CT to detect incidental cancer

Objective: To determine the prevalence and clinical features of pathologically proven incidental cancer (IC) detected by whole-body fluorine-18 fludeoxyglucose (F-18-FDG) positron emission tomography (PET)/CT, as well as the incidence of false-positive and false-negative results. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed reports derived from F-18-FDG PET/CT images of 3079 consecutive patients with known or suspectedmalignancies for 3 years. Discrete focal uptake indicating IC was identified from reports as well as pathological or clinical diagnoses, and the clinical courses were investigated. The false-positive result was defined as uptake indicating IC but not pathologically confirmed asmalignant during follow-up. The false-negative result was defined as pathologically proven IC detected by another modality at initial clinical work-up or diagnosed during the follow-up period. Results: We found F-18-FDG uptake indicating IC in 6.7% of all patients, and IC was pathologically proven in 2.2% of all patients. The most common sites were the colon, lung and stomach. The median survival duration of patients with IC was 42 months. The results were false positive in 4.5% of all patients, and the results were false negative in 2.3% of all patients. Conclusion: F-18-FDG PET/CT is a valuable tool for detecting IC. The rates of false-positive and false-negative results are within acceptable range. Advances in knowledge: This is the first report to describe the survival of patients with IC, and the detailed features of false-negative results at actual clinical settings.