Definition of progression risk based on combinations of cellular and molecular markers in patients with Binet stage A chronic lymphocytic leukaemia

P>IGHV mutational status and ZAP-70 or CD38 expression correlate with clinical course in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL). The three markers may be discordant in the single case and there is no consensus on their combined use in clinical practise. This multicenter study investigated this issue. Two-hundred and sixty-two Binet stage A patients were studied for the three markers. Sixty patients were profiled with HG-U133A gene expression chips. Disease progression was determined by time from diagnosis to treatment (TTT). The probability of being treatment-free at 3 years was significantly shorter in patients with unmutated IGHV genes (IGHVunmut 66% vs. 93%, chi square of log-rank = 30, P < 0 center dot 0001), ZAP-70 positive (ZAP-70pos 73% vs. 96%, chi square of log-rank = 8 center dot 2, P = 0 center dot 004) or CD38-positive cells (CD38pos 68% vs. 91%, chi square of log-rank = 21, P < 0 center dot 0001). Cox multivariate regression analysis showed that the three markers had an independent predictive value for TTT of similar power. A prognostic system based on presence of none (low-risk), one (intermediate-risk) or two or three (high-risk) markers was generated. Based on such criteria, 56%, 23% and 21% of cases were clustered in low (HR = 1), intermediate [HR = 2 center dot 8, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2 center dot 4-5 center dot 8] and high-risk group (HR = 8 center dot 0, 95% CI 3 center dot 9-16 center dot 2). Specific transcriptional patterns were significantly associated with risk groups.