Trans-3 '-hydroxycotinine: Disposition kinetics, effects and plasma levels during cigarette smoking

Aims (3'R,5'S)-trans-3'-hydroxycotinine (3-HC) is a major metabolite of nicotine. The aim of this study was to characterize the disposition kinetics of 3-HC in healthy smokers, including metabolism to (3'R,5'S)-trans-3'-hydroxycotinine glucuronide (3-HC-Gluc). We also studied pharmacologic responses to 3-HC and plasma levels of 3-HC in a group of smokers. Methods Eight cigarette smokers were studied on a clinical research ward. After 5 days of supervised nonsmoking, each subject received an intravenous infusion of 3-HC, 4 mug kg(-1) min(-1) for 60 min. Plasma and urine levels of 3-HC and 3-HC-Gluc and cardiovascular and subjective responses were examined. Plasma levels of 3-HC, nicotine, and cotinine were measured in 62 smokers on up to three occasions. Results The total plasma clearance of 3-HC averaged 1.3 mi min(-1) kg(-1), of which 63% was renal excretion of unchanged drug. An average of 29% of the dose was excreted as 3-HC-Gluc. 3-HC did not have nicotine-like cardiovascular effects. Conclusions These findings extend our understanding of the quantitative nature of nicotine metabolism. Such data may be of use in quantitating human exposure to nicotine from tobacco and in studying individual variability in nicotine metabolism.