Visual attention of anaesthetists during simulated critical incidents

Background. Situation awareness (SA) is considered to be an important non-technical skill for delivering safe anaesthesia. The spatial distribution of visual attention (VA) is an underlying process for attaining adequate SA. In the present study, a novel technology was used to assess the distribution of VA in anaesthetists delivering anaesthesia. The impact of a critical incident on VA in relation to individual experience is analysed in a descriptive and exploratory manner. Methods. Fifteen anaesthetists induced general anaesthesia in a full-scale simulator while wearing a head-mounted eye-tracking camera system. After an uneventful session, workload was increased in a randomized order by simulation of a critical incident in the second or third session. Eye tracking was used for the assessment of individual's distribution of VA to monitors, patient, and environment. A post hoc video analysis revealed information about the spatial distribution of VA. Descriptive statistics and exploratory analysis were used. Results. Twenty per cent of VA was directed to the patient monitor (30% during critical incident scenarios, P=0.003). The more experienced anaesthetists (more than 2 yr of work experience) increased the amount of time dedicated to manual tasks from 21% to 25% during critical incidents, whereas the less experienced decreased from 20% to 14% (P=0.061). Conclusions. Distribution of attention is different during anaesthesia induction with critical incidents compared with uneventful anaesthesia induction. Less experienced anaesthesia providers spend more time on monitoring tasks. Further investigation in confirmatory designs is needed.