Factors associated with long-term functional outcomes and psychological sequelae in women after breast cancer

The objective of this study was to examine factors impacting long-term functional outcomes and psychological sequelae in survivors of breast cancer (BC). A clinical assessment and structured interview assessed the impact of BC on participants' (n = 85) current activity and restriction in participation, using validated questionnaires: Functional Independence Measure (FIM), Perceived Impact Problem Profile (PIPP) and Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS). Participants showed good functional recovery (median motor FIM score = 78). Three-quarters (74%) reported pain, 32% reported upper limb weakness, 31% pain limiting shoulder movement and 29% lymphoedema. One third (32%) reported greatest impact on psychological wellbeing. A substantial number of participants reported high levels of depression (22%), anxiety and stress (19% each). Factors associated with poorer current level of functioning and wellbeing included: younger participants, recent diagnoses, aggressive tumour types, receiving chemotherapy, shoulder limitation due to pain, and lymphoedema. BC survivors require long-term management of psychological sequelae impacting activity and participation. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.